Antimicrobial Activity of Mushrooms

 

M. Krishnaveni¹* and M. Manikandan²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem-11

²M.Sc. Student, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar  University, Salem-11

 

 

ABSTRACT:

Extract prepared from mushrooms were tested for their antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Klebsiella sp. Three different solvent system like acetone, ethanol, methanol was used for the extraction process. The mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus florida, Calocybe indica were selected for the present study. The antimicrobial study was done. The zone of inhibition observed was compared with standard antibiotics. The zone of inhibition observed was slightly smaller when compared to standard antibiotics. Among the three species  selected Ganoderma lucidum showed better zone of inhibition compared to other two. The observed difference in the zone of inhibition might be due to the solvent system used in the extraction process.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microorganisms hassled to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity.^1,2 Mushroom species possess antagonistic effects against bacteria, fungi, viruses and cancer.^3,4 Hence, the present study was carried out to test the antibacterial activity of the extract from three different mushrooms against E. coli, Klebsiella sp.  

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Mushrooms selected:

Species like Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus florida, and Calocybe indica were selected for the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.

 

Preparation of extracts:

Fresh mushrooms- Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus florida, Calocybe indica were thoroughly washed with clean water, cut into pieces and air-dried. Each of the different air-dried mushroom samples were soaked in acetone, ethanol, methanol. For the extraction, 10 g of mushroom sample was soaked in 100ml of respective solvents and then left for 36 h at room temperature (28 ± 2°C) with occasional shaking. Each portion was filtered using Whatman filter paper. The filtrates were collected in different beakers and labelled accordingly. The filtrates were evaporated to dryness in a steady air-current for about 24h in a previously weighed evaporation dishes (porcelain  dishes).After evaporation, the dishes were re-weighed and the differences in weights before and after evaporation were calculated.⁵ The residues obtained from extracts were stored at 4°C in a clean sterile container for further use.

 

Antimicrobial assay:

The antimicrobial assay was performed by agar disc diffusion methods.⁶ The surface of Mueller Hinton agar plate was inoculated with 100μl pure culture suspension to obtain a lawn culture. Circular paper discs were cut from Whatman No.1 filter paper using a paper perforator and sterilized in an autoclave. The plates were incubated for 24-48h at 37°C. Antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the diameter (in millimetre) of the zone of inhibition. The results obtained were compared with the standard antimicrobial agents like ampicillin, amikacin, chloroamphenicol, gentamycin, ofloxacin, vanomycin, methicillin, pencilin G.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The results of antimicrobial activity of the selected mushrooms are illustrated in Table.1, 2, 3.               

    

Table.1. Antimicrobial activity of acetone extract of Ganoderma lucidum

Organisms	Antibiotics used	Zone of inhibition                                (mm)
E.coli	Ampicillin	22
	Amikacin	24
	Chloroamphenicol	-
	GAE	21
	Gentamycin	10
	Ofloxacin	24
	Vanomycin	19
	GAE	22
Klebsiella sp.	Ampicillin	24
	Amikacin	5
	Chloroamphenicol	6
	GAE	17
	Gentamycin	16
	Ofloxacin	11
	Vanomycin	8
	GAE	18

GAE- Ganoderma lucidum acetone extracts,- No zone of inhibition

 

Table.1 shows the results of Ganoderma lucidum extracted from acetone. The standard antibiotics and Ganoderma lucidum extract showed similar zone of inhibition. 

                   

 

 

Table.2. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Pleurotus florida

Organisms	Antibiotics              used	Zone of inhibition                                (mm)
E.coli	Chloroampinical	24
	Gentamycin	18
	Ofloxacin	-
	PEE	14
	Vanomycin	-
	Methiciliin	14
	Pencilin G	22
	PEE	16
Klebsiella sp.	Chloroampinical	24
	Gentamycin	17
	Ofloxacin	-
	PEE	6
	Vanomycin	18
	Methiciliin	22
	Pencilin G	12
	PEE	8

PEE- Pleurotus florida ethanol extracts,,- No zone of inhibition

 

 

 

Table.2 shows the results of antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Pleurotus florida. Commercial antibiotics showed maximum zone of inhibition but the zone of inhibition was less with mushroom extract.

 

Table.3. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Calocybe indica

Organisms	Antibiotics used	Zone of inhibition                                 (mm)
E.coli	Ofloxacin	-
	Vanomycin	21
	Methiciliin	12
	CIME	5
	Pencilin G	11
	Ampicillin	18
	Amikacin	-
	CIME	4
Klebsiella sp.	Ofloxacin	-
	Vanomycin	11
	Methiciliin	17
	CIME	8
	Pencilin G	-
	ampicillin	12
	amikacin	22
	CIME	8

CME- Calocybe indica methanol extract, - No zone of inhibition

 

 

Table.3 shows the results of antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Calocybe indica. The standard antibiotics showed more zone of inhibition whereas the zone of inhibition was less with Calocybe indica.

 

CONCLUSION:

From this study it is clear, that mushroom is having medicinal properties which can be further studied by purifying the active principle in it. Among the solvent system used, acetone was able to produce better results than the other solvent system used.

 

REFERENCES:

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2.       Iwu MW, Duncan AR, Okunji CO. New antimicrobials of plant origin. Perspective on New crops and New uses. ASHS press. 1999457 – 462.

3.       Tochikura TS, Nakashima H, Ohashi Y, Yamamoto. Inhibition (in-vitro) of   replication and of cytopathic effect of human immune deficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 177: 1998:235– 244.

4.       Jonathan SG, Fasidi IO. Antimicrobial activities of two Nigerianedible macrofungi- Lycoperdon pusilum and Lycoperdon giganteus. Afri. J. Biom. Res. 6: 2003:84–90.

5.       Trease GE, Evans WC.A Text book of  Pharmacognosy, Edn 12, Balliese Tindall and Company Publisher, London, 1983:343-383.

6.       Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standard single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45: 1966:493–496.

 

 

 

Received on 21.01.2014       Modified on 25.02.2014

Accepted on 18.03.2014      © RJPT All right reserved